Post by Trade facilitator on Apr 19, 2023 10:10:57 GMT 1
Non-Oil Exports: Have Nigeria’s Illusions Been Shattered? Why Have The Federal Government’s Initiatives On Non-Oil Exports Been Failing?
- Non-Oil Exports Contribution To Gross Earnings Drops To 10%
- NACCIMA, CPPE, Others List Priorities For Incoming Government
In spite of concerted efforts to diversify the nation’s export earnings, the contribution of the non-oil sector, (NOE), to the total export earnings dropped to 10.1 per cent in 2022 from 12.8 per cent in 2021.
The decline also comes at the backdrop of the 8.6 per cent year-on-year, (YoY), growth in NOE earnings to $5.94 billion dollars during the eleven months ending November 2022 from $5.47 billion in the corresponding period of 2021.
Finance and real sector stakeholders who spoke to Financial Vanguard, including the National Association of Chamber of Commerce and Industry, NACCIMA, and the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE), stressed that the decline in the contribution of the NOE to total exports shows that there is still more work to be done in terms of eliminating the various barriers to increasing the nation’s NOE especially Ease of Doing Business, Foreign exchange policy and export of services.
Since the launch of the National Development Plan, (NDP) 2025, which seeks to achieve N44 trillion in export revenue, the Central Bank of Nigeria, (CBN), and the Nigerian Export Promotion Council, (NEPC), have introduced new programmes to boost Non-Oil Export earnings.
These programmes include:
- Race To $200 billion (RT 200) which seeks to attract $200 billion NOE earnings within three to five years. A major component of the RT 200 introduced by the CBN in 2021, is the FX Rebate scheme which pays N65 rebate for every one dollar of exports repatriated and sold at the Investors and Exporters, I&E window to Authorized Dealers Banks for third-party use or N65 rebate for every dollar repatriated and sold at the Investors and Exporters, I&E for own use.
- On its part, the NEP introduced the Zero Oil Plan aimed at achieving NOE earnings of $30 billion annually by 2025.
Non-Oil Export (NOE) Performance:
Expert Financial Analysis (EFA)of data on export earnings from CBN showed that NOE earnings rose by 8.6 per cent, YoY in eleven months to November 2022 (11Months’ 22) showing a moderate impact of the above measures.
According to CBN, NOE export earnings rose to $5.94 billion in 11Months’ 22 from $5.47 billion in 11Months’21; this translated to YoY growth of 8.6 per cent.
But total exports in the 11M’ 22 rose 37.5 per cent, YoY, to $58.62 billion from $42.62 billion in 11Months’ 22.
Consequently, the contribution of NOE to total exports fell to 10.1 per cent in 11Months’22 from 12.8 per cent in 11Months’ 21, representing a decline of 2.7 percentage points.
Barriers To NOE Growth:
In spite of the efforts of the CBN and NEPC, growth in NOE has remained weak due to structural deficiencies and bottlenecks.. According to NACCIMA and CPPE and finance sector experts, growth in NOE has remained weak due to structural bottlenecks, multiple exchange rates, unfair forex policies, as well as floods and the Russia War in Ukraine.
"The amount of increase in NOE is paltry and speaks to the non-diversification of export revenue”, said, Tunde Abioye, Head of Equity Research, FBNQuest Capital.
He added: “Even though the government and CBN’s efforts to increase NOE have yielded some positive results, much more needs to be done.
“Most of the issues with the low level of NOE export have to do with structural deficiencies that undermine the potential for exports.
“Well known issues such as power outages, poor infrastructure, bottlenecks with port infrastructure, the multiplicity of taxes, and constraints to the ease of doing business all add to the cost of NOE. These factors often make Nigerian products uncompetitive relative to products from other countries.”
Managing Director, PFI Capital, Peter Elegbe, said: “Aside the war in Ukraine, which distorted the global supply chain around the world, we believe other local factors such as: ease of doing business, exchange rate pressure, high cost of transportation, insecurity, and the infrastructural deficits have impaired the non-oil sector’s performance within the period under review.
"Inflationary pressure contributed, to a large extent, to the southward movement spotted in the non-oil sector in 2022.”
Similarly, Sylvester Anaba, Team Lead, and Research at United Capital Plc, Sylvester, said: “We observed that rising commodity prices in 2022, particularly agricultural produce boosted the value of non-oil exports. 2022 was marked with floods that affected several farms, despite this; the sector was bolstered by CBN’s intervention funds.”
Forex Challenge:
On his part, Sola Obadimum, DG, NACCIMA, said in addition to the challenges of port inefficiencies and deteriorating state of infrastructural, the mutlitiplicy of exchange rates as a major barrier to efforts to boost NOE.
He said: “2022 is basically the first full post-COVID recovery year. So, that should be appreciated. That probably explains the slight growth in value terms over the figure recorded for 2021.
"However, the reduction when related on percentage level to total exports may likely be due to:
“The reluctance of government to harmonize exchange rates. There are issues with exporters who get their earnings from exports converted back to them at official rates. Meanwhile, there’s not enough forex made available for them to buy equipment and other foreign inputs as required, particularly for exporters of manufactured products – as opposed to exporters of unprocessed items. This may be considered to be a bit unfair.
As some of them have voiced at several fora, there is no special forex window open to manufacturers of exportable items despite their unique contributions to the economy compared to pilgrims who sometimes benefit from same facility.
“Deteriorating state of infrastructure hasn’t helped either. State of roads, power supply (or non-supply), etc. “Port inefficiency relative to neighbouring countries could be better
Also citing structural inefficiencies and current foreign exchange policy as factors behind the weak growth in NOE in 2022, Muda Yusuf, CEO at CPPE, said “The weak non-oil export performance is a reflection of the challenges bedeviling the real economy. These are issues bordering on productivity, competitiveness and efficiency.
"Globally, export business is driven principally by competitiveness, both in quality and price. The reality is that structural bottlenecks are major constraints to the competitiveness of our non-oil export sector. This explains the paltry 10% to total value of export in 2022.”
“The current foreign exchange policy regime is a disincentive to export business. There is a problem with the CBN policy which prescribed that export proceeds should be offered to the importers and exporters window at an exchange rate of about N460 per dollar.
“Whereas the parallel market of foreign exchange would offer to buy the dollars at over N700 per dollar, this means a loss of about N240 per dollar. The foreign exchange policy is a major disincentive to non-oil exporters.
“The RT 200 programme which offers exporters N65 per dollar is clearly not sufficient to offset the loss of about N240 per dollar suffered by exporters. “The result of this is that most exporters are reluctant to complete the NXP form for the declaration of export proceeds. The policy is most unfair to exporters.
“The data reflecting the low level of non-oil export indicates to some extent that there is a high probability of absence of full disclosure of the export proceeds because of the repressive nature of the foreign exchange policy.”
In the second part of this important article we shall be dealing with what the incoming government is expected to do.
Stay with us.
Addendum:
Our company is one of the best companies in the Agro-Export business in Nigeria today. We train individuals and corporate organizations on how to do Export Business the right way; if you are interested, please contact the admin of this forum now for further details.
- Non-Oil Exports Contribution To Gross Earnings Drops To 10%
- NACCIMA, CPPE, Others List Priorities For Incoming Government
In spite of concerted efforts to diversify the nation’s export earnings, the contribution of the non-oil sector, (NOE), to the total export earnings dropped to 10.1 per cent in 2022 from 12.8 per cent in 2021.
The decline also comes at the backdrop of the 8.6 per cent year-on-year, (YoY), growth in NOE earnings to $5.94 billion dollars during the eleven months ending November 2022 from $5.47 billion in the corresponding period of 2021.
Finance and real sector stakeholders who spoke to Financial Vanguard, including the National Association of Chamber of Commerce and Industry, NACCIMA, and the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE), stressed that the decline in the contribution of the NOE to total exports shows that there is still more work to be done in terms of eliminating the various barriers to increasing the nation’s NOE especially Ease of Doing Business, Foreign exchange policy and export of services.
Since the launch of the National Development Plan, (NDP) 2025, which seeks to achieve N44 trillion in export revenue, the Central Bank of Nigeria, (CBN), and the Nigerian Export Promotion Council, (NEPC), have introduced new programmes to boost Non-Oil Export earnings.
These programmes include:
- Race To $200 billion (RT 200) which seeks to attract $200 billion NOE earnings within three to five years. A major component of the RT 200 introduced by the CBN in 2021, is the FX Rebate scheme which pays N65 rebate for every one dollar of exports repatriated and sold at the Investors and Exporters, I&E window to Authorized Dealers Banks for third-party use or N65 rebate for every dollar repatriated and sold at the Investors and Exporters, I&E for own use.
- On its part, the NEP introduced the Zero Oil Plan aimed at achieving NOE earnings of $30 billion annually by 2025.
Non-Oil Export (NOE) Performance:
Expert Financial Analysis (EFA)of data on export earnings from CBN showed that NOE earnings rose by 8.6 per cent, YoY in eleven months to November 2022 (11Months’ 22) showing a moderate impact of the above measures.
According to CBN, NOE export earnings rose to $5.94 billion in 11Months’ 22 from $5.47 billion in 11Months’21; this translated to YoY growth of 8.6 per cent.
But total exports in the 11M’ 22 rose 37.5 per cent, YoY, to $58.62 billion from $42.62 billion in 11Months’ 22.
Consequently, the contribution of NOE to total exports fell to 10.1 per cent in 11Months’22 from 12.8 per cent in 11Months’ 21, representing a decline of 2.7 percentage points.
Barriers To NOE Growth:
In spite of the efforts of the CBN and NEPC, growth in NOE has remained weak due to structural deficiencies and bottlenecks.. According to NACCIMA and CPPE and finance sector experts, growth in NOE has remained weak due to structural bottlenecks, multiple exchange rates, unfair forex policies, as well as floods and the Russia War in Ukraine.
"The amount of increase in NOE is paltry and speaks to the non-diversification of export revenue”, said, Tunde Abioye, Head of Equity Research, FBNQuest Capital.
He added: “Even though the government and CBN’s efforts to increase NOE have yielded some positive results, much more needs to be done.
“Most of the issues with the low level of NOE export have to do with structural deficiencies that undermine the potential for exports.
“Well known issues such as power outages, poor infrastructure, bottlenecks with port infrastructure, the multiplicity of taxes, and constraints to the ease of doing business all add to the cost of NOE. These factors often make Nigerian products uncompetitive relative to products from other countries.”
Managing Director, PFI Capital, Peter Elegbe, said: “Aside the war in Ukraine, which distorted the global supply chain around the world, we believe other local factors such as: ease of doing business, exchange rate pressure, high cost of transportation, insecurity, and the infrastructural deficits have impaired the non-oil sector’s performance within the period under review.
"Inflationary pressure contributed, to a large extent, to the southward movement spotted in the non-oil sector in 2022.”
Similarly, Sylvester Anaba, Team Lead, and Research at United Capital Plc, Sylvester, said: “We observed that rising commodity prices in 2022, particularly agricultural produce boosted the value of non-oil exports. 2022 was marked with floods that affected several farms, despite this; the sector was bolstered by CBN’s intervention funds.”
Forex Challenge:
On his part, Sola Obadimum, DG, NACCIMA, said in addition to the challenges of port inefficiencies and deteriorating state of infrastructural, the mutlitiplicy of exchange rates as a major barrier to efforts to boost NOE.
He said: “2022 is basically the first full post-COVID recovery year. So, that should be appreciated. That probably explains the slight growth in value terms over the figure recorded for 2021.
"However, the reduction when related on percentage level to total exports may likely be due to:
“The reluctance of government to harmonize exchange rates. There are issues with exporters who get their earnings from exports converted back to them at official rates. Meanwhile, there’s not enough forex made available for them to buy equipment and other foreign inputs as required, particularly for exporters of manufactured products – as opposed to exporters of unprocessed items. This may be considered to be a bit unfair.
As some of them have voiced at several fora, there is no special forex window open to manufacturers of exportable items despite their unique contributions to the economy compared to pilgrims who sometimes benefit from same facility.
“Deteriorating state of infrastructure hasn’t helped either. State of roads, power supply (or non-supply), etc. “Port inefficiency relative to neighbouring countries could be better
Also citing structural inefficiencies and current foreign exchange policy as factors behind the weak growth in NOE in 2022, Muda Yusuf, CEO at CPPE, said “The weak non-oil export performance is a reflection of the challenges bedeviling the real economy. These are issues bordering on productivity, competitiveness and efficiency.
"Globally, export business is driven principally by competitiveness, both in quality and price. The reality is that structural bottlenecks are major constraints to the competitiveness of our non-oil export sector. This explains the paltry 10% to total value of export in 2022.”
“The current foreign exchange policy regime is a disincentive to export business. There is a problem with the CBN policy which prescribed that export proceeds should be offered to the importers and exporters window at an exchange rate of about N460 per dollar.
“Whereas the parallel market of foreign exchange would offer to buy the dollars at over N700 per dollar, this means a loss of about N240 per dollar. The foreign exchange policy is a major disincentive to non-oil exporters.
“The RT 200 programme which offers exporters N65 per dollar is clearly not sufficient to offset the loss of about N240 per dollar suffered by exporters. “The result of this is that most exporters are reluctant to complete the NXP form for the declaration of export proceeds. The policy is most unfair to exporters.
“The data reflecting the low level of non-oil export indicates to some extent that there is a high probability of absence of full disclosure of the export proceeds because of the repressive nature of the foreign exchange policy.”
In the second part of this important article we shall be dealing with what the incoming government is expected to do.
Stay with us.
Addendum:
Our company is one of the best companies in the Agro-Export business in Nigeria today. We train individuals and corporate organizations on how to do Export Business the right way; if you are interested, please contact the admin of this forum now for further details.
