Europe

Europe is the second smallest continent, but the third most populous. It is a continent in one of the six continent systems and the seven continent system. In other systems it is part of Asia, Eurasia or Eurafrasia. Below is the list of fully sovereign or de facto countries that are indisputably and entirely situated within Europe. The 45 countries are:

Albania (Shqipëria) - Tirana

Andorra - Andorra la Vella

Austria (Österreich) - Vienna

Belarus (Беларусь) - Minsk

Belgium (Dutch: België, French: Belgique, German: Belgien) - Brussels

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosna i Hercegovina) - Sarajevo

Bulgaria (България) - Sofia

Croatia (Hrvatska) - Zagreb

Cyprus (Κύπρος) - Nicosia

Czech Republic (Česko) - Prague

Denmark (Danmark) - Copenhagen

Estonia (Eesti) - Tallinn

Finland (Suomi) - Helsinki

France - Paris

Germany (Deutschland) - Berlin

Greece (Ελλάδα) - Athens

Hungary (Magyarország) - Budapest

Iceland** (Island) - Reykjavik

Republic of Ireland (Éire) - Dublin

Italy (Italia) - Rome

Kosovo** - Pristina

Latvia (Latvija) - Riga

Liechtenstein - Vaduz

Lithuania (Lietuva) - Vilnius

Luxembourg - Luxembourg City

North Macedonia (Македонија) - Skopje

Malta - Valletta

Moldova - Chisinau

Monaco - Monte Carlo Quarter

Montenegro (Crna Gora, Црна Гора) - Podgorica

Netherlands (Nederland) - Amsterdam (Capital), The Hague (Government)

Norway (Norge) - Oslo

Poland (Polska) - Warsaw

Portugal - Lisbon

Romania - Bucharest

Russia** Moscow(Russia is part of Europe politically, but it's a part of Asia geographically)

San Marino - San Marino

Serbia (Србија) - Belgrade

Slovakia (Slovensko) - Bratislava

Slovenia (Slovenija) - Ljubljana

Spain (España) - Madrid

Sweden (Sverige) - Stockholm

Switzerland (German: Schweiz, French: Suisse, Italian: Svizzera, Romansh: Svizra) - Bern

Ukraine (Україна) - Kyiv or Kiev

United Kingdom - London

Vatican City** (Italian: Città del Vaticano, Latin: Civitas Vaticana) - Vatican City

There is no official boundary between Europe and Asia, as a result the continental status of some countries is often disputed. However Russia is considered to be European by the United Nations. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey are considered to be a part of Asia by the United Nations.

Kosovo is a highly recognised disputed territory with de facto independence.

Iceland sits on the European - North American tectonic plates. The Western half sits in North America, while the Eastern half sits on the European tectonic plate.

Vatican City State is a U.N observer state and not a U.N member.

Source:  simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_continents#Europe